ENGLISH GRAMMAR by Bogumił MIŁKOWSKI
Forma I II III Forma I II III
Verbs: - regular, e.g. play played played - irregular, e.g. speak spoke spoken
Auxiliary verbs: do, does, did, have, has, had, been, will, shall, will be, is, are, am
Abbreviations, e.g. do not = don’t, have not = haven’t, is not = isn’t, I will = I’ll, will not = won’t,..
PRESENT SIMPLE
(I usually do it)
They go to school every day
Affirmative sentence I
I / You / We / You / They/.................speak.....English
/ He / She / It/ ..............................speaks....English
Negative sentence
I / You /We / You /They/...do not.....speak....English
/He / She / It/................does not...speak....English
Question
Do...I/ You/ We/ You/ They/…....….speak...English?
Does....He/ She/ It/..........................speak...English?
Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every, occasionally, seldom,…...............
PRESENT CONTINOUS
(I am doing it now)
They are going to school now.
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I...............................am............speaking......English
He/She/It/.................is..............speaking......English
You/ We/ You/ They/..are.........speaking......English
Negative sentence
I,................................am not….speaking.....English
He/ She/ It..................is not.......speaking.....English
You/ We/ You/ They/..are not…speaking.....English
Question
Am.......I.....................................speaking…English?
Is.........He/She/It/......................speaking....English?
Are.....You/We/You/They...........speaking...English?
Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, these days,…...............
PRESENT PERFECT
(I have just done it)
They have gone to school, they’re not here.
Affirmative sentence III
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/.......have...spoken...English
He/ She/ It/..........................has.....spoken...English
Negative sentence
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/. .have not..spoken..English
He/ She/ It/......................has not…spoken..English
Question
have.....I/ You/ We/ You/ They/....spoken..English?
has.......He/ She/ It........................spoken..English?
Adverbs: just already, yet, recently, lately, since, for,…...............
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS
(I have been doing it and I am still busy)
They have been going to school
for an hour now.
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/..have been...speaking...English
He/ She/ It/.....................has been.....speaking...English
Negative sentence
I/ You/ We/ You/ They/.have not been..speaking.English
He/ She/ It/...................has not been...speaking.English
Question
have...I/ You/ We/ You/ They/..been..speaking..English?
has....He/ She/ It/.....................been..speaking..English?
Adverbs: since Monday, for two weeks,…...............
PAST SIMPLE
(I usually did it; or I did it only once)
They went to school yesterday.
Affirmative sentence II
I / You / He/ She/ It/.........................spoke.......English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence I
I / You / He/ She/ It/.........did not...speak…...English
We/ You/ They/
Question I
Did......You/ He/She/.......................speak.....English?
We/ You/ They/
Adverbs: yesterday, days ago, weeks ago, years ago, on December 5,…...............
PAST CONTINOUS
(I was doing it at that moment)
They were going to school when
the bus stopped.
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.........was.......speaking......English
We/ You/ They/.............were.......speaking......English
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....was not.....speaking.....English
We/ You/ They/..........were not.....speaking.....English
Question
Was.......I/ She/ He/ She/ It/......speaking.... English?
Were......You/ We/ You/ They/...speaking.....English?
Adverbs: while, as, when,…...............
PAST PERFECT
(I had done it, before other things happened)
They had gone to school before they took their
exam.
Affirmative sentence III
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/....had..spoken...English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.had not...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Question
had..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/...spoken..English?
We/ You/ They/
Adverbs: after, before, by the time, already, just,…...............
PAST PERFECT
CONTINOUS
(I had already been doing it for some
time at that specific point in time)
They had been going to school before
the car crashed.
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/...had been......speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..had not been...speaking...English
We/ You/ They/
Question
Had..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.. been..speaking..English?
We/You/They/
Adverbs: for, before, morning, evening,…...............
FUTURE SIMPLE
(I will usually do it, or I will do it once)
They will go to school tomorrow.
Affirmative sentence I
I / You / He/ She/ It/.... ..will.......speak...English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I / You / He/ She/ It/.....will not...speak....English
We/ You/ They/
Question
Will....I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..........speak..English?
We/ You/ They/
Adverbs: : tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, in two, four days, soon, in a moment,…...............
FUTURE CONTINOUS
(I will be doing it at that specific
point in time)
They will be going to school at this
time tomorrow.
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I / You / He/ She/ It/....will be.....speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..will be not...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Question
Will..I/ You / He/ She/ It/....be..speaking..English?
We/ You/ They/
Adverbs: at 5 tomorrow,…...............
FUTURE PERFECT
(I will have already done it at that
specific point in time – it will be done)
They will have gone to school by this
time tomorrow.
Affirmative sentence III
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....will have...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/She/It/..will not have...spoken..English
We/ You/ They/
Question
Will..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..have...spoken..English?
We/You/They/
Adverbs: by then,…...............
FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINOUS
(I will have already been doing it
for some time at that specific
point in time)
They will have already been
going to school for half an hour
at this time tomorrow
Affirmative sentence I + ing
I/ You/ He/ She/ It/.....will have been...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Negative sentence
I/ You/ He/She/It/..will not have been...speaking..English
We/ You/ They/
Question
Will..I/ You/ He/ She/ It/..have been...speaking..English?
We/You/They/
Adverbs: already for 5 hours at 5 tomorrow,…...............
Often used irregular verbs
| arise | arose | arisen | .... |
| awake | awoke | awoken | .... |
| be | was | been | .... |
| become | become | become | .... |
| begin | began | begun | .... |
| bite | bit | bitten | .... |
| blow | blew | blown | .... |
| break | broke | broken | .... |
| bring | brought | brought | .... |
| build | built | built | .... |
| burn | burnt | burnt | .... |
| buy | bought | bought | .... |
| catch | caught | caught | .... |
| choose | chose | chosen | .... |
| come | came | come | .... |
| cost | cost | cost | .... |
| cut | sut | cut | .... |
| do | did | done | .... |
| draw | drew | drawn | .... |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | .... |
| drink | drank | drunk | .... |
| drive | drove | driven | .... |
| eat | ate | eaten | .... |
| fall | fell | fallen | .... |
| feed | fed | fed | .... |
| feel | felt | felt | .... |
| fight | fought | fought | .... |
| find | found | found | .... |
| fly | flew | flown | .... |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | .... |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | .... |
| freeze | froze | frozen | .... |
| get | got | got | .... |
| give | gave | given | .... |
| go | went | gone | .... |
| grow | grew | grown | .... |
| have | had | had | .... |
| hear | heard | heard | .... |
| hide | hid | hidden | .... |
| hit | hit | hit | .... |
| hold | held | held | .... |
| keep | kept | kept | .... |
| know | knew | known | .... |
| lay | laid | laid | .... |
| lead | led | led | .... |
| learn | learnt | learnt | .... |
| leave | left | left | .... |
| lend | lent | lent | .... |
| let | let | let | .... |
| lose | lost | lost | .... |
| make | made | made | .... |
| meet | met | met | .... |
| pay | paid | paid | .... |
| put | put | put | .... |
| read | read | read | .... |
| ride | rode | ridden | .... |
| ring | rang | rung | .... |
| run | ran | run | .... |
| say | said | said | .... |
| see | saw | seen | .... |
| sell | sold | sold | .... |
| send | sent | sent | .... |
| set | set | set | .... |
| shoot | shot | shot | .... |
| show | showed | shown | .... |
| shut | shut | shut | .... |
| sing | sang | sung | .... |
| sit | sat | sat | .... |
| sleep | slept | slept | .... |
| smell | smelt | smelt | .... |
| speak | spoke | spoken | .... |
| spend | spent | spent | .... |
| stand | stood | stood | .... |
| steal | stole | stolen | .... |
| swear | swore | worn | .... |
| swim | swam | swum | .... |
| take | took | taken | .... |
| teach | taught | taught | .... |
| tell | told | told | .... |
| thing | thought | thought | .... |
| throw | threw | thrown | .... |
| understand | understood | understood | .... |
| wake | woke | woken | .... |
| wear | wore | worn | .... |
| win | won | won | .... |
| write | wrote | written | .... |